Types Of Elbow Pipe Fittings

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Types Of Elbow Pipe Fittings

Pipe fittings are divided into metal pipe fittings and non-metal pipe fittings according to the material. Common materials for metal pipe fittings are ordinary carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel, non-ferrous metals, and composite pipe fittings of metal and non-metal materials.

Pipe fittings can be divided into butt-welded pipe fittings, flanged pipe fittings, socket fittings, flexible interface elbow pipe fittings, and threaded pipe fittings according to the connection method.

Elbow pipe fittings definitively alter the pipeline’s direction in a pipeline system. The most frequently used angles for elbows are 45°, 90°, and 180°. Moreover, non-standard angle elbows, like 60°, can be employed to meet project-specific needs.

The Materials Of Elbow Pipe Fittings

Elbows are essential components in piping systems, and they can be crafted from various materials, including cast iron, stainless steel, alloy steel, wrought iron, carbon steel, non-ferrous metals, and even plastics.

These elbows can be connected to pipes through various methods, including direct welding (the most widely utilized technique), flange connection, hot melt connection, electric fusion connection, threaded connection, and socket connection.

Additionally, elbows can be distinguished by their production process, with categories such as welded elbows, stamped elbows, push elbows, and cast elbows. Other names like 90-degree elbows and right-angle elbows also refer to these components.

The Meaning Of Elbow Pipe Fittings Symbols

Schxx is the wall thickness grade of the elbow, 90e(s) indicates a short radius 90-degree elbow; 90e(l) indicates a long radius 90-degree elbow; 45e(l) indicates a long radius 45-degree elbow; 45e(s) indicates a short radius 45-degree elbow; 180e(s) indicates a short radius 180-degree elbow; 180e(l) indicates a long radius 180-degree elbow; r(c) indicates a concentric reducer; r(e) indicates an eccentric reducer; t(s) indicates an equal diameter tee; t(r) indicates a reducing tee; cr(s) indicates an equal diameter cross; cr(r) indicates a reducing cross; c indicates a pipe cap.

Selection Of Elbow Pipe Fittings

The selection of fittings is mainly determined by the nature of the operating medium, operating conditions, and purpose. The grade is generally expressed in nominal pressure.

The pressure-temperature grade is determined according to the design pressure and temperature of the pipeline in which it is located. Pipes of DN50 and above generally use butt welding pipe fittings, and DN40 and below mostly use tapered pipe threads or socket welding connections.

Corrosive media require the use of corrosion-resistant or non-metallic materials for pipe fittings and heat-resistant steel materials for pipe fittings under high-temperature conditions.

In general, long-radius elbows (R = 1.5DN) should be used first, and short-radius elbows (R = 1.0DN) are mostly used in occasions with limited size. Their maximum working pressure should not exceed 0.8 times that of long-radius elbows of the same specification.

Elbows (R = nDN) are used to alleviate the scouring and kinetic energy of the medium at the bend and can be used up to R = 3DN, 6DN, 10DN, and 20DN. Push elbows and extruded elbows are often used on small and medium-sized pipes with harsh media conditions; welded bevel elbows are often used on large-sized pipes with mild media conditions, and their bending radius should not be less than 1.5 times their nominal diameter.

When the bevel angle of the bevel elbow is greater than 45°, it should not be used on pipes with highly toxic or flammable media, or on pipes that are subjected to mechanical vibration, pressure pulsation, and alternating loads due to temperature changes.

The diameter reduction method is generally suitable to use reducers, reducing nipples, or internal and external threads. For horizontal pipes laid side by side, to maintain the same elevation, eccentric reducers should be used, and the bottom should be leveled; if there are no special requirements, concentric reducers should be used on vertical pipes in principle, and eccentric reducers should be used on horizontal pipes.

Reducing nipples are used on pipes less than DN50, and in principle, only concentric reducing nipples are used. Reducing pipe clamps are usually used on small-diameter pipes less than DN40; where reducing nipples cannot be used, reducing pipe clamps can be used.

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